• Formulating feeds that closely match the nutritional requirements of birds in their different production and growth stages to reduce the amount of nutrients excreted; options in this category include phase feeding, split-sex feeding or feed formulation on an available-nutrient basis;

• Using good quality, uncontaminated feed (e.g. in which concentrations of pesticides and dioxins are known and do not exceed acceptable levels) which contains no more copper, zinc, and other additives than is necessary for animal health.

• Use of low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids, and low-phosphorus diets with highly digestible inorganic phosphates;

•  Improving feed digestibility and nutrient bioavailability through the use of dietary supplementary enzymes such as phytase, highly digestible genetically modified feedstuffs such as low-phytate maize, and highly digestible synthetic amino acids and trace minerals;

So Poultry Nutrition management can allow improvement to feed conversion ratios through optimal diet balancing and feeding regimes, and improvement to feed digestibility. This reduces the amount of feed used per unit of livestock product.